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National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR) Its compilation, storage and retrieval is now done using special computer programmes. The amount of data recorded during evaluation is huge. Catalogues of the germplasm collection for various crops are published by the gene banks. Information on the species and variety names, place of origin, adaptation and on its various feature or descriptors is also recorded in the germplasm maintenance records. This number is pre fixed in India, with either IC (Indigenous collection), EC (exotic collection) or IW (Indigenous wild). Germplasm cataloguing, Data storage and Retrieval.Įach germplasm accession is given an accession number. The evaluation of germplasm is done in three different places viz., (1) in the field (2) in green house a) 3) in the laboratory. IPGRI, Rome has developed model list of descriptors (= characters) for which germplasm accessions of various crops should be evaluated.

To get a clear pictures about the significance of individual germplasm line.

To classify the germplasm into various groups.

To identify gene sources for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, earliness, dwarfness, productivity and quality characters.

Conservation of genetic stocks by meristem cultures has several advantages as given below. Shoot tip banks: Germplasm is conserved as slow growth cultures of shoot-tips and node segments. Prone to damage from disease and insect attacksģ. Plant Bank: ( Field or plant bank )is an orchard or a field in which accessions of fruit trees or vegetatively propagated crops are grown and maintained.ģ. Such materials are regularly used in crop improvement programmes.Ģ. Working collections: Seeds are stored for 3-5 years at 5-10OC and the usually contain about 10% moisture.

These collections are used for evaluation, multiplication, and distribution of the accessions. The storage is for medium duration, i.e., 10-15 years. They are disturbed only for regeneration.Īctive collection: Seeds are stored at 0OC temperature and the seed moisture is between 5 and 8%. (2) Active collections and (3) Working collection.īase collections: Seeds can be conserved under long term (50 to 100 years), at about -20OC with 5% moisture content.

Seed storage: Based on duration of storage, seed bank collects are classified into three groups. Merits: In this method of conservation, the wild species and the compete natural or seminatural ecosystems are preserved together. Gene sanctuaries offer the following advantage. NBPGR, New Delhi, established gene sanctuaries in Meghalaya for citrus, north Eastern regions for musa, citrus, oryza and saccharum.

This is achieved by protecting the area from – human interference, such an area is often called natural park, biosphere reserve or gene sanctuary. These are described below.Ĭonservation of germplasm under natural conditions is referred to as in situ conservation. i) In-situ conservation and ex situ conservation. There are two important methods of germpalsm conservation or preservation.

Germplasm may be indigenous (collected within country) or exotic (collected from foreign countries)Ĭonservation refers to protection of genetic diversity of crop plants from genetic erosion.

Germplams is the basic material for launching a crop improvement programme.

Germplasm is collected from centres of diversity, gene banks, gene sanctuaries, farmer’s fields, markers and seed companies.

Germplasm includes both cultivated and wild species and relatives of crop plants.

Germplasm consists of land races, modern cultivars, obsolete cultivars, breeding stocks, wild forms and wild species of cultivated crops.

Genetic pool represents the entire genetic variability or diversity available in a crop species.